Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a problem that starts in young children with hyperactivity, impulsivity, and/or inattention. For these problems to be diagnosed as ADHD, they must be greater than normally seen in a child of that age and development. ADHD affects millions of children and is the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorder in childhood.

Symptoms of ADHD fall into three groups:

1. Hyperactivity – increased activity, trouble sitting still or playing quietly

2. Impulsivity – difficulty waiting their turn, interrupting others, intruding on others' games

3. Inattentiveness – inability to finish projects, forgetfulness, misplacing things, makes careless mistakes

ADHD treatment requires close cooperation among the child, their parents and the doctor. Regular follow-ups with the doctor are necessary to monitor medication. The doctor will want regular reports on the child's progress as well as to watch for possible side effects of medication.

Stimulants are the most common type of drug used to treat ADHD. Although they are stimulants, they actually cause people with ADHD be become calmer. Stimulants appear to balance levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters. They help improve the symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Although there may be a dramatic improvement, these medications tend to lose their effectiveness over time. The right dose also varies from child to child, so it can take time to find the correct medicine and the correct dose for an indiviual. Stimulant drugs are available in short-acting and long-acting forms.